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These have to deal with multiple transmissions at closely spaced frequencies and it is necessary to ensure that these do not interact with each other. Intermodulation distortion is a particularly difficult problem at the cellular base stations of mobile phone cellular networks. These include ferrites, ferrous metals, and carbon-fibre composites. Some passive materials are intrinsically non-linear.
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These effects include corrosion, surface oxidisation, dirtiness, and simple failure to fully make mechanical contact. However, especially at high power, a number of effects can lead to non-linearity through formation of a metal–semiconductor junction at what is supposed to be a metal-metal junction. Passive components such as cables, connectors and antennas, are generally expected to be linear and therefore not liable to generate any intermodulation. The output of the DUT is fed to a spectrum analyser where the results are observed, possibly via an attenuator to reduce the signal to a level the instrument can cope with. These harmonics could cause unexpected intermodulation products in the DUT, again giving misleading results.
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#How to write test tone generator generator
Low-pass filters may also be provided at the generator outputs to remove any harmonic distortion. The circulators have one port connected to a resistive load so that they act as isolators. The circulators are there to provide even more isolation between the generators and isolation between any signal that might get reflected back from the device under test (DUT) and the generator. The resulting intermodulation products will give a false result to the test. If this happens, intermodulation can occur in the non-linear parts of the generator internal circuit.
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The combiner needs to have good isolation to prevent the signal from one generator being sent to the output of the other. Two signal generators, set to two different frequencies F1 and F2, are fed into a power combiner through circulators. General test setup for two-tone testing Component testing Ĭircuit components such as amplifiers can be tested using the two-tone method with a test setup like that shown in the figure. That is, the ability of the receiver to distinguish between transmissions close in frequency. Two-tone testing can also be used to determine the discrimination of a radio receiver. Intermodulation effects cannot be detected with single-tone testing, but they may be just as, or more undesirable than harmonic distortion depending on their frequency and level. The new frequencies created by intermodulation are the sum and difference of the injected frequencies and the harmonics of these. Intermodulation distortion can produce outputs at other frequencies. This kind of distortion consists of whole-number multiples of the applied signal frequency, as well as the original frequency being present at the device output. If there is any non-linearity in the device, this will cause harmonic distortion at the output. Internet Explorer is not currently supported.An electronic device can be tested by applying a single frequency to its input and measuring the response at its output. Please note, as this is very new technology, the frequency sweep generator is currently only compatible with the latest version of Chrome or Safari and Firefox. Please only listen at a comfortable volume. Please be very careful using this tool as listening to loud frequencies can cause damage to hearing or equipment. (If you do not require this functionality, you can simply leave these boxes at their default setting, which will produce an equal volume sweep.) These are numbers between 1 and 100, with 1 being the quietest and 100 being the loudest. If you wish the tone to continue playing after the sweep is complete, leave the "continue playing tone" option checked, otherwise click it to turn this feature off.įinally, the sweep generator allows you to set an start volume and end volume. There is also an option to determine whether the sweep is done linearly (equal frequency changes over equal time intervals), or exponentially (higher frequencies are swept over You can choose the waveform to be either: sine, square, sawtooth or triangle. The sweep generator tool also enables you to set some more advanced options. Play a tone that begins at the first frequency and sweeps to the second frequency in the duration provided. Once the play button is pressed, the frequency sweeper will then This frequency sweep tool allows you to enter any two frequencies and a duration into the three boxes below.